មិត្តល្អនិងមិត្តអាក្រក់យោងទៅតាមទ្រឹស្តីព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនា
(ដោយ យីម តូញ៉ា)
នៅក្នុងព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនាព្រះសម្មាសម្ពុទ្ធបានសំដែងអំពីបាបមិត្ត
(មិត្តអាក្រក់)និងកល្យាណមិត្ត(មិត្តល្អ)នៅក្នុងគម្ពីសង្គាលសូត្រ
ទីឃនីកាយមហាវគ្គដើម្បីការរស់នៅរបស់សព្វសត្តនិកក្នុងលោកនេះរប្រកបដោយសុខសន្តិភាពនិងសុភមង្គល(សេចក្តីថ្លៃថ្នូរផងដែរ)។
មនុស្សគ្រប់រូបតែងតែមានការទំនាក់ទំនងរវាងមនុស្សម្នាក់ទៅមនុស្សដទៃទៀតដូច្នេះព្រះសម្មាសម្ពុទ្ធណែនាំមនុស្សអោយចេះស្គាល់និងកត់សំគាល់រវាងមិត្តល្អនិងមិនអាក្រក់ដើម្បីធ្វើជាមិត្តព្រោះថាកាលបើបុគ្កលណាម្នាក់(សេពគបអ្នកប្រាជ្ញៗនាំប្រាណអោយបានសុខ)(គបពាលៗនាំទុក្ខមកដល់ប្រាណ)(គបបណ្ឌិតនាំខ្លូនអោយថ្កើនថ្កាន)(គបព្រានសាមាននាំខូចខ្លួន)៕ការសេពគបគឺជារឿងសំខាន់មួយសំរាប់មនុស្សក្នុងការរស់នៅតែវាក៍អាចនាំទុក្ខទោសមកដល់យើងផងដែរប្រសិនបើយើងទៅសេពគមនុស្សមិនល្អនោះដូច្នេះសូមចងចាំនិងធ្វើតាមព្រះពុទ្ធសំដែងដូចខាងក្រោម
"Friend" is
a person who shares good or bad things with his companion. There are
two kinds of friends: (1) a false or bad friend and (2) a true or
good friend.
Four
Bad Friends and Their Characteristics
1. One who takes
anything,
2. One who is a
great talker or only pays lip-service by making empty promises,
3. One who flatters or
only says pleasant things,
4. One who is a
fellow-spendthrift or debauched companion.
1. The first bad
friend, who takes anything, has four characteristics:
(1) Taking everything from you, (2) Wanting a lot for very little (or wanting
much in return for giving only a little)(3) Doing service only when he gets
into trouble, and (4) Seeking only his own advantage.
2. The second bad friend,
who is a great talker, has also four characteristics:
(1) Talking of favours in the past, (2) Talking of favours in the future,
(3) Trying to please you with empty
promises or mouthing empty promises of goodwill,(4). Pleading inability owing
to some disaster when something needs to be done in the present.
3. The third bad friend, who
flatters, has also four characteristics:
(1)Agreeing
to the bad actions of you, (2) also, agreeing to the good actions of you, (3)
praising you in your presence, (4) disparaging you behind your back.
4. The fourth bad friend, who is a
fellow-spendthrift or who debauches, also has four characteristics:
(1) being a companion when indulging
in strong drink, (2) being a companion when haunting the streets at unfitting
times, (3) being a companion when frequenting shows and entertainments, and (4)
being a companion when indulging in gambling.
Four
Good Friends and Their Characteristics
There
are these four types can be seen to be good or true friends. They
are orderly:
1. One who is helpful,
2. One who is the same in happy and unhappy
times,
3. One who points out what is good for you,
4. One who is
sympathetic.
1.
The first good friend, who is helpful, has four characteristics:
(1) looking for you when
you are drunk,(2). looking
for your possessions when you are drunk,(3). being
a refuge for you are in trouble,(4). Letting
you have twice what you ask for when some business is to be done.
2.
The second good friend, who is the same in happy and unhappy times, has four
characteristics:
(1) telling you his secrets, (2)
keeping your secrets, (3) not forsaking you when you are in trouble, and (4)
sacrificing even his life for you.
3.
The third good friend, who points out what is good for you, has four
characteristics:
(1) keeping you from wrongdoing, it
means "restraining you from doing the ten unwholesome courses of action:
killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, telling lies, slandering, harsh speech,
frivolous talk, covetousness, ill will, and wrong view", (2) supporting
you in doing good, [it means "encouraging you to do the ten courses of
wholesome Kamma(= no-killing, no-stealing, no-sexual misconcduct, no-teling
lies, no-slandering, no-harsh speech, no-frivolous talk or reasonable talk,
no-covetousness, no-ill will, and right view), to give offerings, to take five
precepts, and to practice meditation", (3) informing you of what you do
not know, and (4) pointing out the path to heaven.
4.
The fourth good friend, who is sympathetic, has four characteristics:
(1) not rejoicing at your misfortune, (2)
rejoicing at your good fortune, (3) stopping others who speak against you, and
(4) commending others who speak in praise of you.
In Dutiya-Mitta
Sutta (Footnote: Sattaka-Nipata, Anguttara-Nikaya), The
Buddha said, "You should cultivate and follow a friend who is endowed with
seven characteristics: (1) genial, (2) venerable or respetable, (3)
praise-worthy, (4) clever in speech, (5) obedient or willing to do what others
bid, (6) profound in speech, and (7) not encouraging others to do
evil."
About
good friends in Upaddha Sutta (Footnote: Maha-Vagga Samyutta,
Samyutta-Nikaya), Venerable Ananda said to the Buddha,
"Venerable Sir, good friend-ship, good companionship, and good comradeship
is half of the holy life.
The
Buddha said to Venerable Ananda, "Not so, Ananda! Not so,
Ananda! good friendship, good companionship, and good comradeship is the entire
holy life. When a Bhikkhu or a monk has a good friend, a good
companion, or a good comrade, it is to be expected that he will develop and
cultivate the Noble Eightfold Path."
Therefore,
may you choose the good friends, associate with them, practice a suitable
meditation under their instructions, and quickly attain Path (Magga), Fruition (Phala), and
Nibbana.
(This
article is based on the following: Singala Sutta, Pathikavagga,
Digha-Nikaya, Dutiya-Mitta Sutta, Sattaka-Nipata, Anguttara-Nikaya, Upaddha
Sutta, Mahavagga-Samyutta, Samyutta-Nikaya, Singala Sutta, The Long Discourses
of the Buddha, Half the Holy Life, The Great Book, The
Connected Discourses of the Buddha, and The Same (Friends), The
Book of the Seven, GRADUAL SAYINGS IV.)
1Singala Sutta, Maha-Vagga, Digha-Nikaya (ព្រះពុទ្ធសំដែងនៅក្នុងគម្ពីរ សង្គាលសូត្រ
មហាវគ្គ ទីឃនីកាយ) by U JotalankaraTranslated from Pali English(បាលីមកអង់គ្លេស)
